Introduction:
Hello Reader,
This blog presents a visual interpretation of Toba Tek Singh by Saadat Hasan Manto, exploring the human consequences of the Partition of India through images, expressions, and symbolic moments. Instead of focusing on political history, it highlights Partition as a deeply personal and psychological experience, where identity, belonging, and humanity are fractured.
Created for the SEC Paper (Internship Viva under the B.A. English (NEP) programme), this blog is accompanied by a PowerPoint presentation and a video project, linked below. The PPT offers a structured literary and historical understanding, while the video captures the silent suffering, irony, and emotional displacement portrayed in Manto’s narrative.
Set in a mental asylum, the story uses madness as a metaphor to question arbitrary borders and political decisions. Through this visual exploration, the blog shows how literature becomes a voice for the silenced, preserving personal pain as collective memory.
You can also try the Google Quiz linked below and earn a certificate by testing your understanding of Toba Tek Singh.
Contextual Background:
Saadat Hasan Manto as a Realistic Writer:
Saadat Hasan Manto was born in 1912 in Ludhiana, British India. From an early age, he observed social inequalities, human suffering, and the complexities of everyday life, which shaped his perspective as a realistic writer. After Partition in 1947, he had to move to Pakistan, leaving behind the place tied deeply to his memories and personal life. Experiencing displacement, loss, and societal upheaval firsthand profoundly influenced his writing style and choice of themes.
This realism is reflected in Toba Tek Singh, where the confusion, helplessness, and emotional turmoil of asylum inmates mirror Manto’s own observations of human suffering. Through their madness, he critiques the absurdity of borders and divisions, portraying the human cost of political decisions with honesty and empathy, making the story a quintessential example of his realistic approach.
Partition Background:
The Partition of India in 1947 led to large-scale displacement, communal violence, and deep psychological trauma. Manto’s writings reflect the human cost of this historical event rather than its political aspects.
Importance of Toba Tek Singh:
Toba Tek Singh is significant because it portrays the tragedy of Partition through irony and symbolism, highlighting the loss of identity and the absurdity of borders while emphasizing the importance of humanity over nationality.
Overview of the Story: Toba Tek Singh
Toba Tek Singh is a short story by Saadat Hasan Manto set in the aftermath of the Partition of India in 1947. The story takes place in a mental asylum in Lahore, where the inmates are confused by the sudden political changes around them. Due to an agreement between India and Pakistan, it is decided that Muslim inmates will be sent to Pakistan and non-Muslim inmates to India, just like the exchange of populations during Partition.
Among the inmates is Bishan Singh, a Sikh man who repeatedly asks a single question: “Where is Toba Tek Singh?”—the name of his hometown. No one can give him a clear answer, as even officials are unsure whether the village lies in India or Pakistan. As the exchange begins, Bishan Singh refuses to accept either nation when he realises that his village no longer belongs clearly to one side.
In the final and most powerful moment of the story, Bishan Singh collapses in the no-man’s land between India and Pakistan. His death symbolises the loss of identity, humanity, and belonging caused by Partition. Through irony and symbolism, Manto presents Partition not as a political event, but as a deep human tragedy.
Story Through Visuals: Interpreting Toba Tek Singh
The story of Toba Tek Singh gains a new dimension when explored through its visuals. Each scene captures emotions, expressions, and settings that reveal the confusion, displacement, and suffering caused by Partition. Through these images, the narrative comes alive, allowing us to experience the struggles of the characters and the central themes of madness, identity, and humanity. This section interprets the story using the most powerful visual moments from the movie, linking each image to its deeper meaning and message.
Before the film begins, the audience is introduced to the emotional and psychological landscape of Toba Tek Singh. The story revolves around the mental asylum inmates who are caught in the chaos of Partition, struggling to understand the world around them.
Toba Tek Singh (2018) – Key Information:
- Film Title: Toba Tek Singh
- Release Year: 2018
- Director: Ketan Mehta
- Screenplay: Ketan Mehta
- Based on: “Toba Tek Singh” (1955) by Saadat Hasan Manto
- Genre: Drama / Historical / Partition Film
- Duration: Approximately 70 minutes
- Language: Hindi
- Country of Production: India
- Release Platform: ZEE5 (OTT / Television film)
- Release Date: 24 August 2018
- Cast:
- Pankaj Kapur as Bishan Singh
- Vinay Pathak as Saadat Hasan Manto
- Setting:
- Mental asylum in Lahore
- Set during 1947 Partition of India
The title image of Toba Tek Singh itself speaks volumes. Bishan Singh’s fractured face behind iron bars reflects mental imprisonment as well as the broken identity of millions affected by Partition. The cracked texture on his face suggests psychological fractures, while the dark and suffocating background represents fear, confusion, and helplessness. His silent gaze conveys resistance, despair, and the human struggle to belong in a world divided by arbitrary political lines. This visual perfectly captures the essence of Manto’s story, where individuals are trapped between nations, identities, and ideologies.
Manto’s Arrival at the Lahore Mental Asylum:
Upon arriving at the mental asylum in Lahore, Manto is shown around and introduced to the inmates. Each resident displays unique behaviors, giving a glimpse into their struggles and confusions. This walkthrough sets the stage, preparing viewers to understand the emotional and psychological world of the characters.
Bishan Singh, desperate to know the fate of Toba Tek Singh, begs “God” to resolve the confusion. But God seems too busy with other matters. In frustration, he shouts:
At night, all the lunatics are gathered and told that the next day they will be divided: Hindu and Sikh lunatics will go to Hindustan, while Muslims will stay. One lunatic climbs a tree, shouting that he will stay here, refusing to go to either country. The next morning, the inmates embrace each other emotionally before being loaded onto trucks one by one. Bishan Singh, reluctant to leave, asks, “Toba Tek Singh kithay hai?” When a worker replies that the truck is heading there, he finally boards, and they are taken to the border.
The Border and the Exchange
When the lunatics reach the border, some try to escape, but the security stops them forcefully. Then the heads of both asylums meet and shake hands, officially beginning the process of dividing the inmates according to religion. This scene highlights the absurdity and tragedy of Partition, where even the insane are subjected to political lines and bureaucratic control.
Bishan Singh at the Border
When it is Bishan Singh’s turn, he is sent to the border. He asks, “Where is Toba Tek Singh?” The asylum head replies, “In Pakistan,” and Bishan Singh begins to walk toward it. The security tries to stop him, but the Lahore officer intervenes: “Do not force him—let him stay here.” This scene captures his unwavering attachment to his homeland and the absurdity of borders imposed on individuals.
Bishan Singh’s Last Stand
The lunatic exchange continues through the night, but Bishan Singh remains standing in place, unmoved by the chaos. At dawn, his piercing scream draws everyone’s attention. The man who had not slept for fifteen years collapses to the ground, exhausted yet steadfast. This moment captures the absurdity and tragedy of Partition, as well as Bishan Singh’s unwavering attachment to his homeland, making him the ultimate symbol of human bewilderment in the face of arbitrary borders.
Ending of the Film: Toba Tek Singh in No-Man’s Land
“On one side of the barbed wire lies Hindustan,
on the other lies Pakistan.
In between is a piece of land with no name—
and there lies Toba Tek Singh.”
— Saadat Hasan Manto
This moment marks the emotional and symbolic ending of the film. Bishan Singh’s body lying in no-man’s land shows how Partition reduced human beings to nameless existences between borders. The barbed wire divides nations, but it is the unnamed land that holds the true tragedy—where humanity has no place. The film closes not with resolution, but with a haunting silence that forces the viewer to reflect on the cost of freedom and the madness of political divisions.
My Experience of Screening
Watching the film adaptation of Toba Tek Singh was a deeply moving experience. Seeing the characters, their emotions, and the asylum setting on screen made the chaos and confusion of Partition much more real and tangible. Bishan Singh’s unwavering stance in the no-man’s land left a lasting impression, showing how human identity and emotions are often caught between political decisions. The visuals, expressions, and silent moments brought Manto’s story to life in a way that words alone cannot capture.
Test your understanding of Toba Tek Singh and earn a certificate by participating in the Google Quiz: [Toba Tek Singh - Visualising Partition through Manto's Lens]
The video below transforms Manto’s narrative into a visual experience, highlighting how individual lives were emotionally shattered by the arbitrary borders of Partition:


















































